LIGHTMind 2: Low-intensity guided help through mindfulness
| ISRCTN | ISRCTN13495752 |
|---|---|
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN13495752 |
| Secondary identifying numbers | 33702 |
- Submission date
- 31/07/2017
- Registration date
- 31/08/2017
- Last edited
- 23/03/2023
- Recruitment status
- No longer recruiting
- Overall study status
- Completed
- Condition category
- Mental and Behavioural Disorders
Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Depression has serious personal, family and economic consequences. It is estimated that depression will cost £12.15 billion to the economy each year in England by 2026. Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) is the NHS talking therapies service in England for adults experiencing anxiety or depression. Approximately 1 million people are referred to IAPT every year, over half experiencing depression. Where symptoms of depression are mild/moderate people are typically offered Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) self-help supported by a psychological wellbeing practitioner (PWP). The problem is that over half of people (58%) who complete treatment for depression in IAPT remain depressed despite receiving the NICE-recommended treatment. As well, less than half (40%) patients complete this treatment. This study seeks to investigate an alternative to CBT self-help. Mindfulness-based self-help, which differs from CBT in focus, approach and practice, could be more effective with lower dropout. The aim of this study is to comparing these two forms of self-help (CBT and Mindfulness).
Who can participate?
Adults aged 18 who have depression or anxiety
What does the study involve?
Participants are randomly allocated to one of two groups. Those in the first group receive mindfulness cognitive behaviour therapy workbooks to complete for 16 weeks. Those in the second group complete cognitive behaviour therapy workbooks for 16 weeks. Participants attend six sessions psychological wellbeing practitioner (PWP) to answer questions and provide encouragement. Participants complete online questionnaires at the end of the programme and then again for a six months follow up.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
Participants may benefit from a reduction in their depression symptoms. Participants may experience negative thoughts and feelings through using the exercises in self-help books, as both of the programmes increase awareness of current and past experiences. Participants are told by their Psychological Wellbeing Practitioners (PWP) that in MBCT/CBT it is common to become more aware of experiences and that this may include unpleasant, difficult experiences. Participants will have the opportunity to talk with the PWP about their experiences of their allocated intervention and the PWP will be supervised by the study lead who is a clinical psychologist in working in mental health care settings. In the event of a participant experiencing a high degree of distress the research team would follow good practice and ensure that the participant is referred on to an appropriate source of support.
Where is the study run from?
This study is being run by the Sussex Partnership NHs Foundation Trust (UK) and takes place in four health centres in Sussex (UK).
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
September 2017 to January 2021
Who is funding the study?
National Institute for Health Research (UK)
Who is the main contact?
Dr Clara Strauss
clara.strauss@nhs.net
Contact information
Scientific
R&D Dept
Sussex Education Centre
Mill View Hospital
Nevill Avenue
Hove
BN3 7HY
United Kingdom
 ORCID ID |
0000-0002-0303-763X |
|---|---|
| Phone | +44 300 304 0088 extention 205896 |
| clara.strauss@nhs.net |
Study information
| Study design | Randomised; Interventional; Design type: Treatment, Psychological & Behavioural |
|---|---|
| Primary study design | Interventional |
| Secondary study design | Randomised controlled trial |
| Study setting(s) | Home |
| Study type | Treatment |
| Participant information sheet | Not available in web format, please use the contact details below to request a patient information sheet |
| Scientific title | Low-Intensity Guided Help Through MINDfulness: A randomised controlled trial comparing supported mindfulness-based cognitive therapy self-help to supported cognitive behaviour therapy self-help for adults experiencing depression |
| Study acronym | LIGHTMind 2 |
| Study hypothesis | Primary hypothesis: Supported mindfulness-based cognitive therapy self-help (MBCT-SH), in comparison to supported cognitive behavioural therapy self-help (CBT-SH), will lead to greater reductions in depressive symptom severity (measured by the PHQ-9) from baseline to post-intervention. Secondary hypotheses: 2. MBCT-SH in comparison to CBT-SH will lead to greater reduction in depressive symptom severity from baseline to six-months follow-up 3. A greater proportion of MBCT-SH participants will be in the non-clinical range for depressive symptoms than CBT-SH participants at post-intervention (i.e. remission) and six-months follow-up (i.e. recovery) 4. MBCT-SH in comparison to CBT-SH will lead to greater improvements in mindfulness, generalised anxiety, work and social adjustment and wellbeing from baseline to post-intervention and from baseline to six-months follow-up 5. Treatment completion rates will be higher for MBCT-SH than CBT-SH 6. Depressive symptom severity outcomes will be mediated by treatment completion 7. MBCT-SH will be cost-effective in comparison to CBT-SH at follow-up A qualitative component is employed to close the evidence gap concerning reasons for treatment non-completion of the interventions by identifying facilitators and barriers to treatment completion in both study arms. |
| Ethics approval(s) | London - Surrey Research Ethics Committee, 12/07/2017, 17/LO/0596 |
| Condition | Specialty: Mental Health, Primary sub-specialty: Depression; UKCRC code/ Disease: Mental Health/ Mood [affective] disorders, Mental Health/ Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders |
| Intervention | This is a parallel groups, superiority pragmatic RCT with 1:1 allocation to MBCT-SH or CBT-SH with blinded assessments at all time points. Participants are blind to the hypothesised direction of effects. The study includes qualitative evaluation of participants’ experiences of both self-help interventions with a focus on better understanding barriers and facilitators to engaging in self-help interventions in IAPT. Four hundred and ten people meeting eligibility criteria for major depressive disorder or mixed anxiety and depression are randomly allocated to receive MBCT-SH or CBT-SH, along with six sessions of support from a psychological wellbeing practitioner. Participants complete measures at baseline, 16 weeks post-randomisation (post-intervention) and 42 weeks post randomisation (6-months follow-up). In addition, 32 participants are interviewed about their experiences. All potential participants complete a standard IAPT initial assessment. This includes completion of the PHQ-9. Potential participants (i.e. those scoring 10-19 inclusive on the PHQ-9) are offered the study. Potential participants not meeting eligibility criteria are not be offered the study and are offered usual care by the IAPT service. If eligible and interested in the study, potential participants are given a copy of the Participant Information Sheet. Potential participants speak with a member of the research team to answer questions about the study and to complete the consent form (if appropriate). As assessment and intervention is typically offered by telephone at Step 2 in IAPT, participants are offered the choice of having the consent meeting by phone or in person. The consent form is presented online for participants to complete during the meeting (with hard copy option available). Potential participants not wanting to take part in the study are referred back to the person who conducted their initial IAPT assessment for usual care to be offered by the service. Once the participant has consented to participate in the trial, the participant completes the full set of baseline measures with a research assistant present in person or by phone. Measures are completed online or on paper, depending on participant preference. Participants who do not meet eligibility criteria at the baseline assessment are referred back to the person who conducted their initial assessment for usual care to be offered by the service. At the end of the baseline assessment, eligible participants are randomised to either the MBCT-SH or CBT-SH arm. Participants are then be given their allocated self-help workbook. Participants are randomly allocated using the Sealed Envelope online service. The team statistician use Sealed Envelope to set up and test the randomisation procedure incorporating stratification by site and PHQ-9 severity category (mild or moderate) using random block length and 1:1 allocation. The research assistant randomise participants by completing the online form with participant’s details. This immediately show whether the participant is assigned to the MBCT-SH or CBT-SH arm and participants are given their self-help workbook. Mindfulness based congitive therapy (MBCT)-Self Help Arm The MBCT-SH workbook ‘The Mindful Way Workbook' (Teasdale, Williams & Segal, 2014), presents MBCT as a self-help course. MBCT-SH participants are given the workbook and are asked to guide themselves through the self-help course within a 16 week time period. As is routine at Step 2 in IAPT, participants are offered six support sessions with a psychological wellbeing practitioner (PWP) to answer questions and provide encouragement. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) -Self Help Arm The CBT-SH workbook 'Overcoming Low Mood and Depression' (Williams, 2013) are given to participants in the CBT-SH arm of the study and they are encouraged to guide themselves through within 16 weeks alongside six PWP sessions to answer questions and provide encouragement. Participants complete measures online (with a postal option) at 16 weeks post-randomisation (post-intervention) and 42 weeks post-randomisation (6-month follow-up). Participants are invited to take part in the qualitative Change Interview after their post-intervention quantitative assessment is completed. Participants are interviewed on a first come, first served basis with eight participants interviewed in each of four groups: 1. MBCT-SH intervention completers 2. MBCT-SH intervention non-completers 3. CBT-SH intervention completers 4. CBT-SH intervention non-completers Payments by £20 gift vouchers will be made to participants for completing each assessment, including the qualitative interview. |
| Intervention type | Other |
| Primary outcome measure | Depression symptom severity at post-intervention. The PHQ-9 is a 9-item self-report measure of depression symptom severity used in all IAPT services. Items are rated on a four-point scale. The primary outcome for this study is change in PHQ-9 score from baseline to 16 weeks post-randomisation |
| Secondary outcome measures | 1. Depression symptom severity is measured using the change in PHQ-9 score from baseline to follow-up (42 weeks post-randomisation) is a secondary outcome for the study at follow-up 2. Generalised anxiety is measured using the GAD-7 is a 7-item measure of generalised anxiety used in IAPT. Items are rated on a 4-point scale and the measure has excellent psychometric properties from baseline to post-intervention and from baseline to follow-up 3. Wellbeing is measured using the short version of the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale consists of 7 questions rated on a 5-point scale designed to measure wellbeing from baseline to post-intervention and from baseline to follow-up are secondary outcomes 4. Functioning is measured using the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) is a 5-item measure of daily occupational and social functioning that is used routinely in IAPT from baseline to post-intervention and from baseline to follow-up are secondary outcomes 5. Mindfulness is measured using the 15-item version of the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. from baseline to post-intervention and from baseline to follow-up are secondary outcomes 6. Service use is measured using the a self-report version of the Adult Service Use Schedule (ADSUS) will be used to collect data on resource used to estimate costs and will take the health and social services perspective at collected at baseline, post-intervention (16 weeks post-randomisation) and follow-up (42 weeks post-randomisation) 7. Health-related quality of life is measured using the EQ-5D is a five-dimension, generic, preference-based measure of health-related quality of life covering mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression.at baseline, post-intervention (16 weeks post-randomisation) and follow-up (42 weeks post-randomisation). Qualitative Evaluation: The aim of the qualitative element of the study is to ascertain facilitators and barriers to treatment completion for each intervention given the well-established problem with drop-out from IAPT. Thirty-two telephone interviews will be conducted with eight participants interviewed from each of the following four groups; (1) MBCT-SH intervention completers, (2) MBCT-SH intervention drop-outs, (3) CBT-SH intervention completers, (4) CBT-SH intervention drop-outs. This strategy will ensure that participants are interviewed in equal numbers from each intervention arm and that an equal number of intervention drop-outs and completers are interviewed. Interviews will take place following the post-intervention assessment in order to accurately capture participants’ experiences using the Change Interview. |
| Overall study start date | 01/09/2017 |
| Overall study end date | 31/01/2021 |
Eligibility
| Participant type(s) | Patient |
|---|---|
| Age group | Adult |
| Lower age limit | 18 Years |
| Sex | Both |
| Target number of participants | Planned Sample Size: 410; UK Sample Size: 410 |
| Total final enrolment | 410 |
| Participant inclusion criteria | 1. Be aged 18 years or over 2. Meet diagnostic criteria on the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) for a primary diagnosis of a depressive episode, or mixed anxiety and depression 3. Score 10 or more on the PHQ-9 at their initial IAPT assessment (the cut-off for a major depressive episode); and 4. Have sufficient literacy skills to read and understand the self-help materials |
| Participant exclusion criteria | 1. Have severe symptoms of depression (a score 20 or more on the PHQ-9); 2. Score of 4 on the CIS-R suicidality scale 3. Express a strong preference (5/5) for one intervention over the other on the Treatment Preference 5. Question such that if randomised to the non-preferred intervention they would be likely to drop out of the intervention. |
| Recruitment start date | 11/09/2017 |
| Recruitment end date | 31/12/2018 |
Locations
Countries of recruitment
- England
- United Kingdom
Study participating centres
Hellingly
East Sussex
Hailsham
BN27 4ER
United Kingdom
177 Preston Road
Brighton
BN1 6AG
United Kingdom
Elm Grove
Brighton
BN2 3EW
United Kingdom
66 Snowsfields
London
SE1 3SS
United Kingdom
Sponsor information
Hospital/treatment centre
Assessment and Treatment Centre
Chapel Street
Chichester
Worthing
PO19 1BX
England
United Kingdom
"ROR" |
https://ror.org/05fmrjg27 |
|---|
Funders
Funder type
Government
Government organisation / National government
- Alternative name(s)
- National Institute for Health Research, NIHR Research, NIHRresearch, NIHR - National Institute for Health Research, NIHR (The National Institute for Health and Care Research), NIHR
- Location
- United Kingdom
Results and Publications
| Intention to publish date | 31/12/2020 |
|---|---|
| Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to share | No |
| IPD sharing plan summary | Not provided at time of registration |
| Publication and dissemination plan | Findings will be written up for submission for open-access publication in high-impact academic journals, including: 1. The trial protocol 2. A paper reporting on main findings in relation to the primary and secondary hypotheses 3. A paper reporting findings from the qualitative data on barriers and facilitators to engagement in guided self-help interventions for depression in IAPT Findings will be disseminated to participants and service user organisations. Findings will be presented at service user events and at local, national and international conferences. |
| IPD sharing plan | The datasets generated during the current study will be available upon request from Clara Strauss (clara.strauss@nhs.net) following publication of the main trial findings. Data will be shared with other research teams for the purpose of contributing to systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Participant consent has been sought for this. Shared data will be fully anonymised. |
Study outputs
| Output type | Details | Date created | Date added | Peer reviewed? | Patient-facing? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protocol article | protocol | 04/05/2020 | 06/05/2020 | Yes | No |
| Results article | 22/03/2022 | 23/03/2023 | Yes | No | |
| HRA research summary | 28/06/2023 | No | No |
Editorial Notes
23/03/2023: The following changes were made to the trial record:
1. Publication reference added.
2. The total final enrolment was added.
06/05/2020: Publication reference added.
12/02/2020: The overall trial end date has been changed from 31/12/2019 to 31/01/2021 and the plain English summary has been updated to reflect this change.
