Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among women. However, it is preventable, as there are technologies for early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions. The main aim of this study is to determine the effect of a health education intervention on cervical cancer and screening beliefs and perceptions of women in the Komenda, Edina, Eguafo, and Abirem District in the Central Region.
Who can participate?
Women aged 11 to 70 at selected churches in Elmina and Kissi in the Central Region of Ghana
What does the study involve?
The study will involve women in Elmina and Kissi completing questionnaires on cervical cancer and screening after which health education on cervical cancer and screening is offered to women in Elmina only for six weeks and data is collected again from both groups.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
Women will receive information on cervical cancer and screening. Those in the intervention group will benefit from health education on cervical cancer and screening, which can enable them to adopt behaviours to prevent cervical cancer. The study will not result in any physical, social or psychological risks, but participants are being cautioned that some of the questions may cause emotional discomfort.
Where is the study run from?
University of Cape Coast (Ghana)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
August 2017 to November 2018
Who is funding the study?
Directorate of Research, Innovation and Consultancy of the University of Cape Coast (Ghana)
Who is the main contact?
Dr Nancy Innocentia Ebu Enyan
nebu@ucc.edu.gh
Study website
Contact information
Type
Scientific
Contact name
Dr Nancy Innocentia Ebu
ORCID ID
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3279-5800
Contact details
School of Nursing and Midwifery
University of Cape Coast
Cape Coast
-
Ghana
+233 (0)541145193
nebu@ucc.edu.gh
Additional identifiers
EudraCT/CTIS number
Nil known
IRAS number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Nil known
Secondary identifying numbers
DRIC/UCC/18
Study information
Scientific title
Impact of health education intervention on cervical cancer and screening for women in Ghana: a community-based trial
Acronym
IHEICCSWG
Study hypothesis
The study hypothesised that there will be an increase in knowledge about cervical cancer, knowledge about cervical cancer screening, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy in the intervention group compared to the control group. It also hypothesised that perceived barriers about cervical cancer screening will decrease for women in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Ethics approval(s)
Approved by 08/06/2017, Institutional Review Board of the University of Cape Coast, University of Cape Coast, Institutional Review Board, Private Mail Bag, Cape Coast, Ghana, Tel: +233 (0)558093143/ +233 (0)508878309/ +233 (0)244207814, Email: irb@ucc.edu.gh, ref: UCCIRB/CHAS/2017/24
Study design
Non-equivalent control-group design
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised controlled trial
Study setting(s)
Community
Study type
Prevention
Patient information sheet
Condition
Cervical cancer and screening beliefs and perceptions
Intervention
Six weeks health education was given to women in the selected churches in the intervention group. These women were grouped in their respective churches and baseline data collected before offering the health education on cervical cancer and screening using a standardised tool. The health education intervention took approximately six weeks, variety of teaching methodologies were employed. Also, each participating church had the opportunity of being educated once a week for six weeks. The education was given by a qualified registered nurse, and each session took approximately 1 hour. Participants were reassessed after the intervention
For the control group, initial data was collected from eligible women in the churches constituting the control group who volunteered to participate in the study. Participants from the selected churches were conveniently sampled based on their consent to participate in the study. Data were collected from the same group six weeks after the initial data collection.
Official permission was sought from the leadership of the various churches. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant and with assurance of confidentiality and anonymity. Privacy was also ensured at the data collection stage of the research. Additionally, no personal identifying information was found on the instrument. Persons suspected of having the disease were referred to an obstetrician gynaecologist at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital for further investigation and management. This intervention would have been expanded to cover all the women in the district, but due to the limited funding available for this project, only the selected women benefited. It is hoped that future interventions would be upscaled to cover other women in the district and beyond.
Intervention type
Behavioural
Primary outcome measure
1. Knowledge of cervical cancer
2. Knowledge of cervical cancer screening
3. Perceived susceptibility
4. Perceived seriousness
5. Perceived benefits
6. Perceived barriers
7. Self-efficacy
All measured using a questionnaire adapted from Ebu, Mupepi, Siakwa, and Sampselle (2015) and Mupepi, Sampselle and Johnson (2011) at baseline and 6 weeks
Secondary outcome measures
There are no secondary outcome measures
Overall study start date
08/08/2017
Overall study end date
07/11/2018
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
Women aged 11 to 70 years residing in the K.E.E.A District were included in this study. It was assumed that if women as young as 11 years obtain information about cervical cancer and screening, they will be well informed about the risks and prevention strategies
Participant type(s)
Healthy volunteer
Age group
Other
Sex
Female
Target number of participants
418 women were recruited for the intervention group and another 418 for the control group
Total final enrolment
782
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Women who failed to volunteer for the study
2. Those under 11 years and above 70
3. Those with dementia or mental health problems
4. Those who were not residing in the study area
Recruitment start date
07/08/2018
Recruitment end date
30/08/2018
Locations
Countries of recruitment
Ghana
Study participating centre
Elmina and Kissi in the Central Region of Ghana
School of Nursing and Midwifery
University of Cape Coast
Cape Coast
-
Ghana
Sponsor information
Organisation
University of Cape Coast
Sponsor details
University of Cape Coast
Cape Coast
-
Ghana
+233 (03321) 32480/32483
registrar@ucc.edu.gh
Sponsor type
Government
Website
ROR
Funders
Funder type
University/education
Funder name
University of Cape Coast
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
Funding Body Subtype
Location
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
A manuscript has been prepared for submission to BMC Public Health. The findings will be shared with the participants and stakeholders interested in cervical cancer at the local and international level.
Intention to publish date
08/10/2019
Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to share
No
IPD sharing plan
The data sharing plans for the current study are unknown and will be made available at a later date.
IPD sharing plan summary
Data sharing statement to be made available at a later date
Study outputs
| Output type | Details | Date created | Date added | Peer reviewed? | Patient-facing? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results article | results | 11/11/2019 | 15/11/2019 | Yes | No |