A study to test whether adding nivolumab to TACE/TAE treatment is effective and safe in patients with intermediate-stage liver cancer
ISRCTN | ISRCTN12053408 |
---|---|
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN12053408 |
EudraCT/CTIS number | 2018-000004-42 |
ClinicalTrials.gov number | NCT04268888 |
Secondary identifying numbers | C0993 |
- Submission date
- 10/01/2019
- Registration date
- 16/01/2019
- Last edited
- 08/04/2024
- Recruitment status
- No longer recruiting
- Overall study status
- Ongoing
- Condition category
- Cancer
Plain English Summary
Contact information
Scientific
Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre
The University of Liverpool
Block C, Waterhouse Building
1-5 Brownlow Street
Liverpool
L69 3GL
United Kingdom
Phone | +44 (0)151 795 1555 |
---|---|
tace3@liverpool.ac.uk |
Scientific
LCTC Head of Trials Management
Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre
The University of Liverpool
Block C, Waterhouse Building
1-5 Brownlow Street
Liverpool
L69 3GL
United Kingdom
Phone | +44 (0)151 794 8167 |
---|---|
c.rawcliffe@liverpool.ac.uk |
Study information
Study design | Interventional multi-centre two-arm open-label seamless phase II/III study |
---|---|
Primary study design | Interventional |
Secondary study design | Randomised controlled trial |
Study setting(s) | Hospital |
Study type | Treatment |
Participant information sheet | Not available in web format, please use contact details to request a participant information sheet. |
Scientific title | A two-arm multi-stage (TAMS) seamless phase II/III randomised trial of nivolumab in combination with TACE/TAE for patients with intermediate stage HCC |
Study acronym | TACE-3 |
Study hypothesis | Current study hypothesis as of 15/07/2020: The primary purpose of Phase II component of the study is to evaluate efficacy of nivolumab in combination with TACE/TAE in patients with intermediate stage HCC and to recommend continuation into Phase III component if a positive efficacy signal is observed using TACE/TAE progression (TTTP) at 3 months as primary outcome measure. The primary purpose of the Phase III component of the study is to evaluate the difference in overall survival between nivolumab in combination with TACE/TAE in patients with intermediate stage HCC. The null hypothesis is that the addition of Nivolumab to TACE/TAE has no effect on overall survival. Previous study hypothesis: The primary purpose of Phase II component of the study is to evaluate efficacy of nivolumab in combination with TACE in patients with intermediate stage HCC and to recommend continuation into Phase III component if a positive efficacy signal is observed using TACE progression (TTTP) at 3 months as primary outcome measure. The primary purpose of the Phase III component of the study is to evaluate the difference in overall survival between nivolumab in combination with TACE in patients with intermediate stage HCC. The null hypothesis is that the addition of Nivolumab to TACE has no effect on overall survival. |
Ethics approval(s) | Approved 16/01/2019, RES Committee North West – GM South (Health Research Authority, 3rd Floor, Barlow House, 4 Minshull St., Manchester, M1 3DZ, Tel: +44 (0)207 104 8235, nrescommittee.northwest-gmsouth@nhs.net), ref: 18/NW/0699 |
Condition | Intermediate stage hepatoceullular carcinoma |
Intervention | Current interventions as of 15/07/2020: Patients are randomised 1:1 between two treatment arms: 1. TACE/TAE treatment (standard treatment) 2. Nivolumab (480mg IV - 4 weekly) and TACE/TAE treatment (experimental arm) Patients will undergo screening assessments to determine whether they are eligible for inclusion in the study, which may include a liver biopsy. They will also complete some questionnaires. The length of treatment is partly determined by how well patients respond to treatment. Based on assessment data, the doctor may recommend repeat TACE/TAE treatment, with each treatment taking around 1-2 hours to complete with an overnight stay in hospital. Patients who also receive nivolumab treatment will attend for regular 4 weekly treatment visits until the doctor decides no further nivolumab treatment is necessary or when the maximum treatment period is reached (24 months). After treatment has ended, patients are followed-up every 4 weeks for a minimum of 24 months if possible (maximum is end of study). Patients will have CT ±MRI scans throughout the study (prior to treatment, 4 weeks after the first TACE/TAE and then 12 weekly). If disease progression occurs, a confirmatory CT ±MRI scan will be performed. In addition to routine blood samples, patients will be asked to provide blood samples throughout the study for future liver cancer research. Most patients will be identified by the Investigator/Co-Investigator responsible for their care. Some may be identified by colleagues who know about the trial but are not directly involved in the study. In such instances the patients' doctors will refer them to the study doctor. Patients may also be identified at multi-disciplinary team meetings at their hospital. These meetings are held to discuss the patients' care, and are attended by the clinical care team (consultants, radiologists, research nurses, etc.). Identification is based upon the inclusion/exclusion criteria. If the patient appears eligible the study doctor will inform the patient of the study and the trial will be discussed during the patient consultation. All patients will be given adequate time to ask questions about the trial before being asked to participate. If the patient agrees to take part the informed consent process will begin. Patients shall be randomised evenly across the two treatment arms of the study. In phase II of the study, 100 patients will be recruited. A stop/go decision in the phase II component of the study is based on observing some evidence of effectiveness between the treatment arms with respect to 3-month TACE/TAE progression. This will occur after 100 patients have had a 20 week scan for TACE/TAE progression, which will occur approximately 18 months following the start of recruitment. Aside from the stop/go decision, there are no formal stopping rules for efficacy/futility built into the study. Should the study continue to phase III, 422 patients will be randomised evenly across the two treatment arms. This makes a total of 522 patients being recruited over a 48 month period for phase II and III combined, with a minimum 24 months of follow-up for each patient if possible. Patient recruitment is planned to take place from 16 contributing centres who (based on estimations from the TACE 2 study) will conservatively be able to recruit at an average rate of 0.75 patients/site/month. Sites will be opened to recruitment at a rate of 2 sites per month. These projections include a 5% shortfall margin (attrition rate). A Trial Management Group (comprising the Chief Investigator, other lead investigators [clinical and non-clinical] and members of the Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre) will manage the day to day running of the study and will meet throughout the study. The Independent Safety and Data Monitoring Committee (ISDMC) (consisting of an independent chairperson, independent statistician and an independent oncologist who are experts in the field of oncology and liver cancer) are responsible for reviewing and assessing recruitment, interim monitoring of safety and effectiveness, trial conduct and external data and will provide a recommendation to the Trial Steering Committee concerning the continuation of the study. The Trial Steering Committee (consisting of an independent chairperson, independent statistician and independent experts in the field of liver cancer in addition to other non-independent members of the TMG) provides overall supervision and advice for the study. The ultimate decision for the continuation of the trial lies with the TSC. The patient information sheet and consent forms have been reviewed by members of the University of Liverpool, Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, Patient and Public Involvement group, which consists of lay members of the public. The forms have subsequently been re-designed to include suggestions made by the PPI group, with the overall goal being to improve the effectiveness of the forms in communicating the requirements and expectations of the study to patients. The Trial Steering Committee also includes lay member representation. Previous interventions: Patients are randomised 1:1 between two treatment arms: 1. TACE treatment (standard treatment - DC Beads loaded with doxorubicin) 2. Nivolumab (480mg IV - 4 weekly) and TACE treatment (experimental arm) Patients will undergo screening assessments to determine whether they are eligible for inclusion in the study, which may include a liver biopsy. They will also complete some questionnaires. The length of treatment is partly determined by how well patients respond to treatment. Based on assessment data, the doctor may recommend repeat TACE treatment, with each treatment taking around 1-2 hours to complete with an overnight stay in hospital. Patients who also receive nivolumab treatment will attend for regular 4 weekly treatment visits until the doctor decides no further nivolumab treatment is necessary or when the maximum treatment period is reached (24 months). After treatment has ended, patients are followed-up every 4 weeks for a minimum of 24 months if possible (maximum is end of study). Patients will have CT/MRI scans throughout the study (prior to treatment, 8 weeks after they have entered the study and then 12 weekly). If disease progression occurs, a confirmatory CT/MRI scan will be performed. In addition to routine blood samples, patients will be asked to provide blood samples throughout the study for future liver cancer research. Most patients will be identified by the Investigator/Co-Investigator responsible for their care. Some may be identified by colleagues who know about the trial but are not directly involved in the study. In such instances the patients' doctors will refer them to the study doctor. Patients may also be identified at multi-disciplinary team meetings at their hospital. These meetings are held to discuss the patients' care, and are attended by the clinical care team (consultants, radiologists, research nurses, etc.). Identification is based upon the inclusion/exclusion criteria. If the patient appears eligible the study doctor will inform the patient of the study and the trial will be discussed during the patient consultation. All patients will be given adequate time to ask questions about the trial before being asked to participate. If the patient agrees to take part the informed consent process will begin. Patients shall be randomised evenly across the two treatment arms of the study. In phase II of the study, 100 patients will be recruited. A stop/go decision in the phase II component of the study is based on observing some evidence of effectiveness between the treatment arms with respect to 3-month TACE progression. This will occur after 100 patients have had a 20 week scan for TACE progression, which will occur approximately 18 months following the start of recruitment. Aside from the stop/go decision, there are no formal stopping rules for efficacy/futility built into the study. Should the study continue to phase III, 422 patients will be randomised evenly across the two treatment arms. This makes a total of 522 patients being recruited over a 48 month period for phase II and III combined, with a minimum 24 months of follow-up for each patient if possible. Patient recruitment is planned to take place from 16 contributing centres who (based on estimations from the TACE 2 study) will conservatively be able to recruit at an average rate of 0.75 patients/site/month. Sites will be opened to recruitment at a rate of 2 sites per month. These projections include a 5% shortfall margin (attrition rate). A Trial Management Group (comprising the Chief Investigator, other lead investigators [clinical and non-clinical] and members of the LCTU Trials Unit) will manage the day to day running of the study and will meet throughout the study. The Independent Safety and Data Monitoring Committee (ISDMC) (consisting of an independent chairperson, independent statistician and an independent oncologist who are experts in the field of oncology and liver cancer) are responsible for reviewing and assessing recruitment, interim monitoring of safety and effectiveness, trial conduct and external data and will provide a recommendation to the Trial Steering Committee concerning the continuation of the study. The Trial Steering Committee (consisting of an independent chairperson, independent statistician and independent experts in the field of liver cancer in addition to other non-independent members of the TMG) provides overall supervision and advice for the study. The ultimate decision for the continuation of the trial lies with the TSC. The patient information sheet and consent forms have been reviewed by members of the University of Liverpool, CR-UK Liverpool Cancer Trials Unit Patient and Public Involvement group, which consists of lay members of the public. The forms have subsequently been re-designed to include suggestions made by the PPI group, with the overall goal being to improve the effectiveness of the forms in communicating the requirements and expectations of the study to patients. The Trial Steering Committee also includes lay member representation. |
Intervention type | Drug |
Pharmaceutical study type(s) | |
Phase | Phase II |
Drug / device / biological / vaccine name(s) | Nivolumab |
Primary outcome measure | Current primary outcome measures as of 15/07/2020: Phase II: 3 month TACE/TAE Progression (TTTP) (binary), assessed using CT ±MRI scan at 3 months Phase III: Overall survival, assessed using hospital records from randomisation to death Previous primary outcome measures: Phase II: 3 month TACE Progression (TTTP) (binary), assessed using CT/MRI scan at 3 months Phase III: Overall survival, assessed using hospital records from randomisation to death |
Secondary outcome measures | Current secondary outcome measures as of 15/07/2020: Phase II: 1. Number of Grade 3+ AEs and SAEs, assessed by asking patient at baseline, each treatment visit, and 4 weekly during follow-up 2. Progression Free Survival (PFS), assessed using CT ±MRI scan from randomisation to progression or death 3. Time to progression (TTP), assessed using CT ±MRI scan from randomisation to progression 4. Response rate by RECIST 1.1, assessed using CT ±MRI scan at 4 weeks post the first TACE/TAE and then 12 weekly Phase III: 1. Time to TACE/TAE Progression (TTTP), assessed using CT ±MRI scan at 8 weeks post randomisation and confirmatory scan 4 weeks after progression 2. Number of Grade 3+ AEs and SAEs, assessed by asking patient at baseline, each treatment visit, 4 weekly during follow-up 3. Progression Free Survival (PFS), assessed using CT ±MRI scan, hospital records, from randomisation to progression or death 4. Time to progression (TTP), assessed using CT ±MRI scan from randomisation to progression 5. Objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST 1.1, assessed using CT ±MRI scan at 8 weeks post randomisation and then 12 weekly 6. Quality of life, assessed using EORTC QLQ_C30, EORTC QLQ-HCC18 and EQ5D questionnaires at baseline, pre-first TACE/TAE treatment and then 12 weekly until end of treatment Previous secondary outcome measures: Phase II: 1. Number of Grade 3+ AEs and SAEs, assessed by asking patient at baseline, each treatment visit, and 4 weekly during follow-up 2. Progression Free Survival (PFS), assessed using CT/MRI scan from randomisation to progression or death 3. Time to progression (TTP), assessed using CT/MRI scan from randomisation to progression 4. Response rate by RECIST 1.1, assessed using CT/MRI scan at 8 weeks post randomisation and then 12 weekly Phase III: 1. Time to TACE Progression (TTTP), assessed using CT/MRI scan at 8 weeks post randomisation and confirmatory scan 4 weeks after progression 2. Number of Grade 3+ AEs and SAEs, assessed by asking patient at baseline, each treatment visit, 4 weekly during follow-up 3. Progression Free Survival (PFS), assessed using CT/MRI scan, hospital records, from randomisation to progression or death 4. Time to progression (TTP), assessed using CT/MRI scan from randomisation to progression 5. Objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST 1.1, assessed using CT/MRI scan at 8 weeks post randomisation and then 12 weekly 6. Quality of life, assessed using EORTC QLQ_C30, EORTC QLQ-HCC18 and EQ5D questionnaires at baseline, pre-first TACE treatment and then 12 weekly until end of treatment |
Overall study start date | 31/08/2017 |
Overall study end date | 30/09/2025 |
Eligibility
Participant type(s) | Patient |
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Age group | Adult |
Lower age limit | 16 Years |
Sex | Both |
Target number of participants | Planned Sample Size: 522; UK Sample Size: 422 |
Participant inclusion criteria | Current inclusion criteria as of 15/07/2020: 1. Histological diagnosis* of HCC and at least one uni-dimensional lesion measurable according to RECIST 1.1 criteria by CT-scan ± MRI 2. Not a candidate for surgical resection or liver transplantation** 3. Aged ≥16 years and estimated life expectancy >3 months 4. ECOG performance status 0-1 5. Adequate haematological function: 5.1. Hb ≥9g/L 5.2. Absolute neutrophil count ≥1.0x109/L 5.3. Platelet count ≥60x109/L 6. Bilirubin ≤50 μmol/L, AST, ALT and ALP ≤5 x ULN 7. Adequate renal function; Creatinine μmol/L ≤ 1.5 x ULN 8. INR ≤1.6 9. Child-Pugh A (score ≤6) (Appendix D) 10. HAP score A, B or C (Appendix E) 11. No contra-indications to T-cell checkpoint inhibitor therapy (use of immunosuppressive drugs including steroids at dose equivalent to prednisolone >10mg/day unless used as replacement therapy; organ transplantation; subjects with an active, known or suspected autoimmune disease. Subjects with type I diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism only requiring hormone replacement, skin disorders (such as vitiligo, psoriasis, or alopecia) not requiring systemic treatment, lichen planus or other conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger are permitted to enrol). 12. Women of child-bearing potential should have a negative pregnancy test prior to study entry. Both men and women must be using an adequate contraception method, which must be continued for 5 months after completion of treatment for women and 7 months for men 13. Written informed consent *All patients are required to under a MANDATORY biopsy prior to entry onto the study **Criteria which establish ‘intermediate’ HCC Previous inclusion criteria: 1. Histological diagnosis* of HCC and at least one uni-dimensional lesion measurable according to RECIST 1.1 criteria by CT-scan or MRI 2. Not a candidate for surgical resection or liver transplantation** 3. Aged ≥16 years and estimated life expectancy >3 months 4. ECOG performance status 0-1 5. Adequate haematological function: 5.1. Hb ≥9g/L 5.2. Absolute neutrophil count ≥1.0x109/L 5.3. Platelet count ≥60x109/L 6. Bilirubin ≤50 μmol/L, AST,ALT and ALP ≤5 x ULN 7. Adequate renal function; Creatinine ≤ 1.5ULN (Using Cockcroft-Gault Formula) 8. INR ≤1.7 9. Child-Pugh A (score ≤6) (Appendix D) 10. HAP score A, B or C (Appendix E) 11. No contra-indications to T-cell checkpoint inhibitor therapy (use of immunosuppressive drugs including steroids at dose equivalent to prednisolone >10mg/day unless used as replacement therapy; organ transplantation; subjects with an active, known or suspected autoimmune disease. Subjects with type I diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism only requiring hormone replacement, skin disorders (such as vitiligo, psoriasis, or alopecia) not requiring systemic treatment, lichen planus or other conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger are permitted to enrol). 12. Women of child-bearing potential should have a negative pregnancy test prior to study entry. Both men and women must be using an adequate contraception method, which must be continued for 5 months after completion of treatment for women and 7 months for men 13. Written informed consent *All patients are required to under a MANDATORY biopsy prior to entry onto the study **Criteria which establish ‘intermediate’ HCC |
Participant exclusion criteria | 1. Extrahepatic metastasis* 2. Prior embolisation, systemic or radiation therapy for HCC* 3. Any contraindications for hepatic embolisation procedures including portosystemic shunt, hepatofugal blood flow, known severe atheromatosis 4. Investigational therapy or major surgery within 4 weeks of trial entry 5. History of variceal bleeding within the past 4 weeks 6. Child-Pugh cirrhosis B or C (score > = 7) 7. HAP score D 8. Hepatic encephalopathy 9. Ascites refractory to diuretic therapy 10. Documented occlusion of the hepatic artery or main portal vein5 11. Hypersensitivity to intravenous contrast agents 12. Active clinically serious infection > Grade 2 NCI-CTC 13. Pregnant or lactating women 14. Known history of HIV infection 15. HBV chronic infection with HBV DNA ≥ 500IU/mL or without antiviral therapy; HBV patients with cirrhosis should be treated. 16. History of serious autoimmune disease. 17. History of second malignancy except those treated with curative intent more than three years previously without relapse and non-melanotic skin cancer or cervical carcinoma in situ 18. Evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic disease, or laboratory finding that in the view of the Investigator makes it undesirable for the patient to participate in the trial 19. Psychiatric or other disorder likely to impact on informed consent 20. Patient is unable and/or unwilling to comply with treatment and study instructions *Criteria which establish ‘intermediate’ HCC |
Recruitment start date | 01/02/2019 |
Recruitment end date | 01/06/2023 |
Locations
Countries of recruitment
- England
- France
- Scotland
- United Kingdom
Study participating centres
BEBINGTON WIRRAL
CH63 4JY
United Kingdom
LIVERPOOL
L7 8XP
United Kingdom
LIVERPOOL
L9 7AL
United Kingdom
LONDON
SE5 9RS
United Kingdom
QUEEN ELIZABETH MEDICAL CENTRE
EDGBASTON
BIRMINGHAM
B15 2TH
United Kingdom
QUEENS MEDICAL CENTRE
DERBY ROAD
NOTTINGHAM
NG7 2UH
United Kingdom
SOUTHAMPTON GENERAL HOSPITAL
TREMONA ROAD
SOUTHAMPTON
SO16 6YD
United Kingdom
BRISTOL
BS1 3NU
United Kingdom
WITHINGTON
MANCHESTER
M20 4BX
United Kingdom
LONDON
SW3 6JJ
United Kingdom
HILLS ROAD
CAMBRIDGE
CB2 0QQ
United Kingdom
GUILDFORD
SURREY
GU2 7XX
United Kingdom
2-4 Waterloo Place
Edinburgh
EH1 3EG
United Kingdom
Gartnavel Royal Hospital
1055 Great Western Road
Glasgow
G12 0XH
United Kingdom
BIRMINGHAM
B9 5ST
United Kingdom
BOURNEMOUTH
BH7 7DW
United Kingdom
HEADLEY WAY
HEADINGTON
OXFORD
OX3 9DU
United Kingdom
POND STREET
LONDON
NW3 2QG
United Kingdom
OXFORD ROAD
MANCHESTER
M13 9WL
United Kingdom
FREEMAN ROAD
HIGH HEATON
NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE
NE7 7DN
United Kingdom
Villejuif
94800 Villejuif
France
Montpellier
34295 Montpellier cedex 5
France
Poitiers
86021 Poitiers
France
Clichy
92110 Clichy
France
Derriford Road
Derriford
Plymouth
PL6 8DH
United Kingdom
Rennes
35042
France
Sponsor information
Hospital/treatment centre
Clatterbridge Road
Bebington
CH63 4JY
England
United Kingdom
Website | https://www.clatterbridgecc.nhs.uk/ |
---|---|
https://ror.org/05gcq4j10 |
Funders
Funder type
Industry
Government organisation / For-profit companies (industry)
- Alternative name(s)
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, BMS
- Location
- United States of America
Results and Publications
Intention to publish date | 30/09/2026 |
---|---|
Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to share | Yes |
IPD sharing plan summary | Stored in non-publicly available repository |
Publication and dissemination plan | All study documents will be available by contacting the Trial Coordinator only. The study will accessible on the following registers: 1. ISRCTN registry 2. eudract.ema.europa.eu The results will be reported and disseminated via: 1. Peer-reviewed scientific journals 2. Internal reports 3. Conference presentations 4. Submission to regulatory authorities Results of the research will be made available to all of the participating investigators, who will then communicate the results to the research participants and their families. The results will also be presented at international meetings/conference proceedings which will be accessible to patients. |
IPD sharing plan | The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study will be stored in a non-publically available repository. The database name is MACRO. The study will collect patient data from participating study centres about patients who have consented to the study. The trialists will collect anonymised patient CRF study data and unblinded consent forms to demonstrate the patient has consented to the study (consent details will never be released). This data will be held at the University of Liverpool for 15 years where it will be analysed by members of the Trial Management Group for the purposes of informing the study oversight committees during the study in addition to producing study publications. |
Study outputs
Output type | Details | Date created | Date added | Peer reviewed? | Patient-facing? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HRA research summary | 26/07/2023 | No | No |
Editorial Notes
08/04/2024: ClinicalTrials.gov number added.
08/02/2023: Contact details updated.
07/02/2023: The following changes were made to the trial record:
1. The recruitment end date was changed from 01/02/2023 to 01/06/2023.
2. University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Centre Eugene Marquis were added and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, CHU, Avenue Maquis du Grésivaudan, CHU Haut leveque, Hôpital Jean Verdier, CHRU, Lille, CHU, 30 Voie Romaine, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse were removed from the trial participating centres.
3. The public title was changed from 'A study to test whether adding nivolumab to TACE treatment is effective and safe in patients with intermediate stage liver cancer' to 'A study to test whether adding nivolumab to TACE/TAE treatment is effective and safe in patients with intermediate stage liver cancer'.
21/09/2022: Contact details updated.
03/02/2021: Cancer Research UK lay summary link added to plain English summary field.
16/07/2020: Internal review.
15/07/2020: The following changes were made to the trial record:
1. The scientific title was changed from 'A two-arm multi-stage (TAMS) seamless phase II/III randomised trial of nivolumab in combination with TACE for patients with intermediate stage HCC' to 'A two-arm multi-stage (TAMS) seamless phase II/III randomised trial of nivolumab in combination with TACE/TAE for patients with intermediate stage HCC'.
2. The study hypothesis, interventions, primary and secondary outcome measures, inclusion criteria were updated.
3. Ireland was removed from the countries of recruitment.
4. The trial participating centres were updated to remove Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and St Vincents University Hospital and add King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust and The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
5. Biocompatibles UK Ltd, a BTG International group company was removed as a funder.
13/07/2020: Recruitment to this study is no longer paused.
20/04/2020: Due to current public health guidance, recruitment for this study has been paused.
19/11/2019: The ethics approval was added.
08/11/2019: Internal review.
22/10/2019: The scientific contact has been changed from "Matthew Bickerstaff" to "Louise Handley"
05/08/2019: Internal review.
21/06/2019: Internal review.
05/04/2019: Internal review.
05/03/2019: Internal review.
25/01/2019: Biocompatibles UK Ltd has been added as a funder.